A research team from Korea has achieved a significant breakthrough in solar energy technology by enhancing the efficiency and lifespan of tin halide perovskite (Sn-HP) solar cells using a novel additive, 4-Phenylthiosemicarbazide (4PTSC). This advancement holds promise for the development of more affordable and sustainable energy solutions, addressing key challenges in the pursuit of greener energy alternatives.
As global energy crises and the effects of climate change intensify, solar power is becoming an increasingly viable and attractive option. Researchers worldwide are focused on improving photovoltaic technologies to maximize their sustainability and efficiency. Among the various materials under investigation, perovskites have garnered considerable attention for their potential in low-cost production and high efficiency. In particular, tin halide perovskites (Sn-HPs) have emerged as a powerful alternative to the traditionally used lead-based perovskites, owing to tin’s lower environmental toxicity.
However, the adoption of Sn-HPs in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been hampered by several challenges, including rapid and disordered crystallization during production, which leads to defects in the perovskite layer and subsequently reduces conversion efficiency. Additionally, Sn-HPs are prone to instability and sensitivity to moisture, limiting the lifespan of the resulting solar cells.
Breakthrough in Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
In a recent study published in Advanced Energy Materials, the Korean research team introduced a novel solution to these challenges. By incorporating 4PTSC as an additive during the production of Sn-HPs, the team demonstrated a significant enhancement in both the performance and durability of PSCs.
Associate Professor Dong-Won Kang of Chung-Ang University, who led the research, explained that 4PTSC was specifically chosen for its multifunctional properties. “We selected a molecule that acts as a coordination complex and a reducing agent, which passivates defect formation and improves stability,” Kang stated. This additive plays a crucial role in regulating crystal growth, promoting preferred crystal orientation, and minimizing defect formation. Furthermore, 4PTSC effectively passivates any defects that do occur by chemically coordinating with SnI2, thereby shielding the perovskite surface and preventing unwanted reactions.
Implications for Solar Energy Performance and Sustainability
The introduction of 4PTSC resulted in PSCs that exhibit unprecedented performance. The modified solar cells achieved a peak efficiency of 12.22%, with an enhanced open-circuit voltage of 0.94 V. Notably, these cells demonstrated superior long-term stability, retaining nearly 100% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 500 hours, and about 80% after 1,200 hours in ambient conditions without encapsulation. This stands in stark contrast to the significant degradation observed in control devices within the first 300 hours.
Prospects for Renewable Energy Innovation
Given the relatively low manufacturing costs and enhanced durability of Sn-HPs, this research could lead to more accessible and longer-lasting solar panels. These advancements have the potential to make energy more affordable for the general public while contributing to global sustainability goals. “By addressing the key challenges of Sn-HPs and significantly improving their performance, we are contributing to the development of efficient and sustainable renewable energy solutions, advancing green technologies, and promoting a sustainable future,” Kang concluded.
The research team hopes that continued efforts in this promising field will lead to a revolution in the generation of clean energy, paving the way for more widespread adoption of renewable energy technologies.
